In vitro study of different methods in the removal of calcium hydroxide from root canals / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the efficacy of different methods in the removal of calcium hydroxide from root canals and to provide a reference for clinical treatment. @*Methods@# A total of 160 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented up to ProTaper Universal F4. The roots were split longitudinally, and standardized groove and depression models were prepared and filled with calcium hydroxide. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=40) according to different irrigation methods: syringe needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP-endo finisher (XPF) irrigation, and M3-Max irrigation. Each group was then divided into 2 subgroups (n=20) according to the irrigation protocol: NaOCl and NaOCl+EDTA. Photos of grooves and depressions were taken under a microscope after irrigation, and the residual calcium hydroxide was scored to compare the removal effects of different irritation methods and solutions.@*Results@#In the groove and depression model, when sodium hypochlorite is used as the irrigation fluid, ultrasound irrigation, XPF and M3-Max are better than syringe needle irrigation in removing calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05); when sodium hypochlorite combined with EDTA flushing, the effect of removing calcium hydroxide with ultrasound irrigation, XPF and M3-Max is better than that of syringe needle irrigation (P < 0.05); but there is no statistically significant difference between ultrasound, XPF and M3-Max (P > 0.05); when compared with the use of sodium hypochlorite, the combined use of EDTA irrigation could enhance the effect of ultrasonic irrigation, XPF and M3 Max on the removal of calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05), but there was no significant improvement in the syringe needle irrigation group (P > 0.05). @*Conclusion @#Sodium hypochlorite combined with EDTA can enhance the effect of ultrasonic irrigation, XPF and M3 Max on the removal of calcium hydroxide, and there is no significant difference among these approaches, which are more effective than syringe needle irrigation.

Geographic distribution of genetic variation of natural populations in an endangered and rarely herb Notopterygium forbesii var. oviforme / 中草药

Objective: In order to determine the geographic distribution of genetic variation and structure of natural populations in an endangered and rarely medicinal herb Notopterygium forbesii var. oviforme. Methods The primers of polymorphic microsatellite molecular markers of N. forbesii var. oviforme were firstly developed using the next generation reduced-representation sequencing technology. Then, the genetic polymorphisms of the whole geographical distributional population samples of N. forbesii var. oviforme were investigated based on the polymorphic SSRs. Results:A total of 780 SSR-containing DNA sequences were obtained by genome De novo assembly. Ten pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were developed and used to analyze the genetic variability of 105 individuals from six natural populations that covered the entire geographical distributions of N. forbesii var. oviforme. The results showed that the number of observed alleles (No) per locus varied between 1 and 6 (mean = 3.530). The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) per population ranged from 0.305 to 0.457. These finds suggested that N. forbesii var. oviforme had the moderate to high level of genetic variability. Bayesian clustering analyses demonstrated that the six natural populations of N. forbesii var. oviforme have formed two clear genetic lineages. The gene flow and/or genetic introgression have occurred between these two groups. Conclusion:The next generation reduced-representation sequencing technology largely enriched SSRs database of N. forbesii var. oviforme. The geographic distribution patterns of genetic variations of N. forbesii var. oviforme may be related to the long evolutionary history of species and pollen dispersal of long distance among different natural populations.

Norwegian scabies in a patient treated with Tripterygium glycoside for rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract: We report an 80-year-old male patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis who was treated with tripterygium glycoside, an immunosuppressive agent made from the extract of a Chinese medicinal herb called Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. The patient had no apparent skin lesions before the treatment, but he developed aggressive hyperkeratotic lesions with rapid progression after using tripterygium glycoside. He was repeatedly diagnosed with eczema, but treatment failed to achieve efficacy. Interestingly, a microscopic examination of the lesions revealed numerous scabies mites and eggs. Thus, we confirmed the diagnosis of Norwegian scabies infection. Treated with crotamiton 10% cream and 10% sulfur ointment for one month, the patient's clinical symptoms disappeared.

The serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level is an independent predictor of recurrence after ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether the serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level is an independent predictor of recurrence after catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients with persistent atrial fibrillation were enrolled and underwent catheter ablation. The serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level was detected before ablation and its relationship with recurrent arrhythmia was analyzed at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 12.1±7.2 months, 21 (36.2%) patients had a recurrence of their arrhythmia after catheter ablation. At baseline, the matrix metalloproteinase-9 level was higher in the patients with recurrence than in the non-recurrent group (305.77±88.90 vs 234.41±93.36 ng/ml, respectively, p=0.006). A multivariate analysis showed that the matrix metalloproteinase-9 level was an independent predictor of arrhythmia recurrence, as was a history of atrial fibrillation and the diameter of the left atrium. CONCLUSION: The serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level is an independent predictor of recurrent arrhythmia after catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.

Development of a Rapid and Sensitive Method for Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

ABSTRACT A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV). A set of LAMP primers was designed based on the sequence of the ASFV gene K205R. Reaction temperature and time were optimized to 64 oC and 60 min, respectively. LAMP products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis or visually with the addition of fluorescent dye. The detection limit of the LAMP assay was approximately 6 copies of the target gene per microliter, 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. LAMP is a simple and inexpensive molecular assay format for ASFV detection. To date, African swine fever has not been reported in China. LAMP can be used to monitor ASFV spread into China, thereby reducing the threat of ASF.

Study on RhBMP-2 induced osteoporosis rat BMSCs in vitro osteogenesis and VEGF expression / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impact of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) osteogenesis in vitro and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) expression in bone osteoporotic to prevent and treat the osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty 6-month-old female SD rats weighted (300±20) g underwent bilateral ovariectomized. At 3 months after operation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density of rats,the values were compared with preoperative to ensure the model successfully, and the osteoporosis rats' BMSCs were cultured by bone marrow adherent cultured and the BMSCs morphology was observed under a phase contrast microscope upside down. The osteoporosis rats' BMSCs at the 2nd generation (p2) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and were added complete medium (containing rhBMP-2) and osteogenic induced liquid, respectively. Two weeks later, the formation of cell calcium nodules were detected by Alizarin red staining method,alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by enzyme standard instrument and the expression of VEGF was detected by RT-PCT method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)Whole body bone mineral density of rats before and after operation were (0.179±0.007), (0.158±0.006) g/cm2,there was statistically significant (t=4.180,P< 0.05). (2)Alizarin red staining at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) in the experimental group had more strong dyeing effect than the control group obviously. (3)Alkaline phosphatase activity at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) of the experimental group (15.62±1.27) ug/gprot was significantly higher than that of the control group (8.62±0.93) ug/gprot,there was statistically significant (t=7.709, P<0.01). (4)The expression of VEGF at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) of the experimental group 3.723±0.143 was significantly higher than that of the control group 0.950±0.072, there was statistically significant (t=29.462, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RhBMP-2 can improve the in-vitro osteogenesis ability of ovary osteoporosis rat BMSCs, promote the VEGF expression of osteogenesis factor. Regulating the VEGF expression may be one of the mechanisms of BMP-2 to participate in bone metabolism.</p>

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia: an update / 中华男科学杂志

Medication has become the first-line option for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) for its advantages in controlling the symptoms, inhibiting BPH progression, and reducing serious complications and surgical risks. Recent years have witnessed remarkable achievement in the studies of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) in the treatment of LUTS/BPH. PDE5-Is can effectively alleviate LUTS/BPH, with even better efficacy when combined with al-ARAs.

CD64 Expression Is Increased in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Clinical Significance

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Upregulated CD64 expression on neutrophils is the most useful marker for acute bacterial infections and systemic inflammation. However, it is unknown whether CD64 is involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). This study was designed to determine whether CD64 is implicated in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and thus, is a suitable marker for SAP. METHODS: SAP was induced in rats with an intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine. CD64 expression in the rat pancreas was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the CD64 mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes from 21 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and 10 patients with SAP was investigated at the time of admission and during remission by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: CD64 mRNA and protein expression in the pancreas was significantly higher in rats with SAP, compared to the controls. The CD64 expression was higher in the patients with SAP than in the patients with MAP. During remission, CD64 mRNA decreased in both the MAP and SAP patients. The area under the curve of CD64 expression for the detection of SAP was superior to both the Ranson and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. CONCLUSIONS: The CD64 level was significantly increased in correlation with the disease severity in SAP and may act as a useful marker for predicting the development of SAP.

Chemical constituents from flower buds of Lonicera japonica / 中国中药杂志

Eighteen compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, MCI gel, silica gel, and sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as adinoside A (1), stryspinoside (2), benzyl alcohol beta-glucopyranoside (3), benzyl 2-o-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate (4) , gentisic acid 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), eugenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (6) , eugenyl-P-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-glucopyranoside (7), (-)-lyoniresinol 9-O-fP-D-glucopyranoside (8) , (+)-lyoniresinol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9) , apigenin-7-O-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), luteolin-3 '-O-L-rhamnoside (11) , ursolic acid (12) , beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (13), abscisic acid (14), guanosine (15), 5-methyluracil (16), trans-cinnamic acid (17), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(18). These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Lignans from Machilus robusta / 中国中药杂志

Eighteen lignans were isolated from an ethanol extract of Machilus robusta by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis as isolariciresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (1), (+)-5'-methoxy-isolariciresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside(2), lyoniresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside(3), (+)-(8S, 8'S) -4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethoxylignan-9, 9'-diol 9-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (ssioriside, 4), lyoniresinol (5), meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (6), (+)-(8S, 8'R)-3', 4, 4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxylignan (7), (8S, 8'R)-4'-hydroxy-3, 3', 4-trimethoxylignan (meso-monomethyl dihydroguaiaretic acid, 8), (+)-guaiacin (9), isoguaiacin (10), (-)-(7'R, 8R, 8'R)-4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3', 5-trimethoxy-2, 7'-cyclolignan (11), henricine B (12), (-)-(7S, 7'S, 8R, 8'R)-4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethoxy-7, 7'-epoxylignan-9, 9'-dio] (7S, 7'S, 8R, 8'R-icariol A2, 13), (+)-(7R, 8R, 7'E)-4-hydroxy-3, 5'-dimethoxy-7, 4'-epoxy-8, 3'-neolignan-7'-ene (licarin A, 14), nectandrin B (15), machilin-I (16), (-)-pinoresinol (17), and (-)-syringaresinol (18). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. In the preliminary assay, compound 17 showed inhibitory activity against NO secretion of mouse peritoneal macrophages with an inhibition rate of 72.2% at 10 micromol x L(-1).

Chemical consitituents from root of Isatis indigotica / 中国中药杂志

Thirty-three compounds were isolated from the root decoction of Isatis indigotica by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data as (+)-dehydrovomifoliol (1), (S)-(+)-abscisic acid (2), vomifoliol (3), cyclo (L-Phe-L-Leu) (4), cyclo(L-Phe-L-Tyr) (5), cyclo(L-Tyr-L-Leu) (6), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (7), evofolin B (8), (+)-syringaresinol (9), (-)-(7R,7'R,8S,8'S)-4,4'-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7,9';7',9-diepoxy-lignan (10), (-)-medioresinol (11), (+) -(7R,7'R,8S,8'S) -neo-olivil (12), (-) -5-methoxyisolariciresinol (13), 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (14), isalexin (15), dihydroneoascorbigen (16), indican (17), (-) -(S) -cyanomethyl-3-hydroxyoxindole (18), isoformononetein (19), calycosin (20), stigamast-5-ene-3beta-ol-7-one (21), acetovanillone (22), 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone (23), dihydroconiferyl alcohol (24), dihyroferulic acid (25), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propan-1-one (26), beta-hydroxypropiovanillone (27), 4-aminobenzoic acid (28), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propan-1-ol (29), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenol (30), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (31), pyrocatechol (32), and 4-pentenamide (33). These compounds were isolated from the root of I. indigotica for the first time. In preliminary in vitro assays, compound 19 showed activity against the influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2), the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and Coxsackie virus B3 (Cox-B3), with IC50 values of 2.06, 6.84, and 8.70 micromol x L(-1), respectively, but other compounds were in-active at a concentration of 1.0 x 10 x (-5) mol x L(-1).

Neurological manifestations of Takayasu arteritis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical neurological manifestations of Takayasu arteritis (TA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was conducted with 63 consecutive TA cases admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to May 2010. All the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of TA by the American College of Rheumatology. Among the 63 TA patients, 27 with neurological manifestations were included in the present study. All the patients were evaluated using standardized neurological examination, sonography, computed tomography (CT) angiography, and cerebral CT or magnetic resonance imaging.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Dizziness and visual disturbance were the most common symptoms, which occurred in 20 (74.1%) and 16 (59.3%) patients respectively. Another common symptom was headache, observed in 15 (55.6%) patients. Six (22.2%) patients had suffered from ischemic stroke; 7 (25.9%) patients had epileptic seizures. Two (7.4%) patients were diagnosed as reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome (RPES) based on typical clinical and imaging manifestations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neurological manifestations are common symptoms in TA patients in the chronic phase, including dizziness, visual disturbance, headache, ischemic stroke, seizures, and some unusual ones such as RPES. We suggested RPES be included into the differential diagnosis of acute neurological changes in TA.</p>

Study of dental caries and the influence of social-behavioral risk factors on dental caries of 1,080 15-year-old adolescents / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the dental caries of 15-year-old adolescents in Hubei province, and to determine the influence of various social-behavioral risk factors on dental caries in the population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The survey employed a multistage, stratified, non-geometric proportional randomized sampling, representing adolescents aged 15-year-old in Hubei province. The epidemiological investigation of dental caries was made by clinical oral health examination. Oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior investigated by questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence and mean DMFT in 1,080 15-year-old adolescents in Hubei province was 24.4% and 0.45, respectively. 11.4% of the adolescents brushed their teeth at least twice a day, 33.1% of the adolescents ever visited the dentists. A significant higher prevalence of dental caries was observed in girls (OR = 1.70). In addition, those who visit dentists and those who the scores of the consumption of sugar drink were high tended to have a higher prevalence of dental caries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dental caries prevalence of adolescents in Hubei province is low, but oral health habit of adolescents seems poor. Gender and consumption of sugar drink may be risk factors of dental caries.</p>

Two novel compounds from Ardisia punctata Lindl / 药学学报

To study the chemical constituents of Ardisia punctata, compounds were isolated with a combination of multi-chromatography. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and comparison to those of the known compounds. A 1,4-benzoquinone derivative and a alkylphenol were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the roots of Ardisia punctata. Their structures were elucidated as 2-tridecyl-3-[(2-tridecyl-4-acetoxy-6-methoxy)-phenoxyl] -6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (1) and 2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-6-tridecyl-phenyl acetate (2). The two compounds are both new.

Three new belamcandaquinones from Ardisia punctata / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the chemical constituents of Ardisia punctata.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Compounds were separated with a combination of multi-chromatography. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three compounds were isolated from chloroform extract of the roots of Ardisia punctata. Their structures were elucidated as 2-tridecyl-3-[(2-tridecyl-3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-6-hydroxy) -phenyl]-6-methoxy-1, 4-benzoquinone (1), 2-tridecyl-3-[(2-tridecyl-4,6-dihydroxy) -phenyl]-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (2) and 2-tridecyl-3-[(2-pentadecyl-4,6-dihydroxyl) -phenyl]-6-methoxy-,4-benzoquinone (3).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The three compounds are new 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives.</p>

Chemical constituents from roots of Ficus hirta / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Ficus hirta.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques on silica gel and HP-20 resin columns. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were identified as beta-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), psoralene (3), 3beta-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one (4), 5-hydroxy-4', 6, 7, 8-tetramethoxy flavone (5), 4', 5, 6, 7, 8-pentamethoxy flavone (6), 4', 5, 7-trihydroxy-flavone (7), 3beta-acetoxy-beta-amyrin (8), 3beta-acetoxy-alpha-amyrin (9) and hesperidin (10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The compounds 4, 5, 6 were obtained from this genus for the first time, and all the compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>

Chemical constituents from roots of Ardisia punctata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Ardisia punctata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques on silica gel and Rp-HPLC column. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twelve compounds were identified as 3-hydroxy-5-tridecyl-methyl phenyl ether (1), 5-pentadecyl-1, 3-benzenediol (2), 2-methoxy-6-tridecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (3), 2-methoxy-6-pentadecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (4), glutinol (5), ardisicrenoside A (6), ardisiacrispin B (7), 24-ethyl-5a-cholesta-7, 22(E)-dien-3-one (8), 24-ethyl-5alpha-cholesta-7, 22(E)-dien-3beta-ol (9), daucosterol (10), vanillin acid (11), tetratriacontanoic acid (12).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>

Effects of ketamine on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-1 in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine on the expression of NMDA receptor-1(NRⅠ)in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotection.Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-290g were randomly divided into 2 group(n=20 each):groupⅠketamine and groupⅡpentobarbital.The aminals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 60 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅠor pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅡ.Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent middle cerebral artery occludion(MCAO).The animals were killed at 24 h and 72 h of MCAO and their brains removed for determination of infarct size,the number of living neurons in the penumbra and the expression of NRⅠprotein(immuno- histochemistry).Results The infarct size was significantly smaller;the number of living neurons in penumbra significantly larger and NRⅠexpression significantly down-regulated in ketamine group than in pentobarbital group.Conclusion Ketamine can protect the brain against ischemia through downregulation of NMDA receptor-1.